Pain Management Trajectories in Parkinson’s Disease
Physician's Weekly
JUNE 21, 2025
This difference began 3 years before PD diagnosis with an IRR of 1.33 (1.16–1.53) Mild opioids, including tramadol and codeine, were most frequently initiated, with the largest gap seen 6 months before diagnosis. In contrast, stronger opioids showed increased use only after diagnosis. compared to 31.2% in those without PD.
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